Number of concussions
a
| n | Crude PR | Adjusted PR | Crude PD | Adjusted PD |
---|
PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PD | 95% CI | PD | 95% CI |
---|
Depression (PHQ-9)b
|
0 | 655 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 0 | Â | 0 | Â |
1 | 65 | 0.7 | (0.2, 2.8) | 0.6 | (0.2, 2.5) | -0.01 | (-0.06, 0.03) | -0.07 | (-0.06, 0.03) |
2 | 21 | 1.1 | (0.2, 7.5) | 1.2 | (0.2, 9.5) | 0.00 | (0.09, 0.10) | 0.10 | (-0.06, 0.13) |
3+ | 26 | 3.5 | (1.3, 9.2) | 3.4 | (1.5, 7.5) | 0.11 | (-0.03, 0.25) | 0.04 | (-0.08, 0.20) |
- NOTE: PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression; PR = Prevalence ratio; PD = Prevalence difference; CI = Confidence interval.
-
aTotal concussions includes all concussions sustained during participation in college and professional sports.
-
bExcludes respondents with PHQ-9 scores <10 that reported being currently treated/medicated for depression (n = 28);
- models utilize split where 0 = <10 on PHQ-9, 1 = ≥10 on PHQ-9 (score ≥10 indicates moderate to severe depression). Models predicting PRs utilized binomial regression. Models predicting PDs utilized linear regression; adjusted models control for alcohol dependence and family history of depression.