Associations of financial stressors and physical intimate partner violence perpetration

Table 3 Association of financial stressors and patterns of IPV perpetration

	Only threats/minor physical^a		Only severe physical IPV^a		Threats/Minor & severe physical IPV^a		All three forms^a
	Crude OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)^b	Crude OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)^b	Crude OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)^b	Crude OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)^b
Continuous measure of number of stressors
Number of financial stressors^c	1.19 (1.09–1.29)	1.07 (0.98–1.17)	1.27 (1.10–1.46)	1.20 (1.05–1.38)	1.33 (1.21–1.46)	1.19 (1.08–1.32)	1.44 (1.32–1.58)	1.29 (1.18–1.41)
Individual stressors
Utilities nonpayment^d	1.52 (1.18–1.97)	1.19 (0.91–1.55)	1.98 (1.28–3.05)	1.63 (1.06–2.49)	2.09 (1.53–2.84)	1.49 (1.10–2.03)	2.28 (1.63–3.19)	1.64 (1.17–2.31)
Housing nonpayment^d	1.66 (1.21–2.28)	1.35 (0.97–1.89)	1.63 (0.94–2.80)	1.43 (0.84–2.43)	2.42 (1.75–3.34)	1.95 (1.40–2.71)	2.55 (1.75–3.70)	1.95 (1.61–2.91)
Food insecurity^d	1.89 (1.43–2.50)	1.38 (1.05–1.82)	1.56 (0.92–2.65)	1.27 (0.75–2.15)	1.99 (1.39–2.84)	1.31 (0.91–1.88)	3.67 (2.47–5.44)	2.48 (1.64–3.73)
No phone service^d	1.44 (1.01–2.05)	1.05 (0.74–1.49)	3.16 (1.90–5.24)	2.79 (1.69–4.60)	2.29 (1.63–3.22)	1.61 (1.14–2.27)	3.65 (2.45–5.43)	2.48 (1.67–3.70)
Utilities turned off^d	1.37 (0.88–2.15)	1.04 (0.63–1.70)	1.04 (0.50–2.20)	0.94 (0.44–2.03)	1.83 (1.20–2.80)	1.41 (0.91–2.20)	2.23 (1.41–3.52)	1.56 (0.97–2.49)
Evicted^d	1.22 (0.55–2.70)	0.86 (0.35–2.10)	3.11 (0.74–13.03)	2.23 (0.42–11.75)	5.00 (2.53–9.88)	3.72 (1.83–7.57)	1.28 (0.40–4.00)	0.84 (0.26–2.69)

^aCompared to participants who perpetrated no forms of IPV in the past year
^bAdjusted for gender, race, perceived health, neuroticism, alcohol abuse or dependence, and drug abuse
^cModeled as continuous ranging from 0 to 6 forms of financial stressors
^dRef = No experience of this form of financial stressor

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