Unadjusted | Belt status adjusted | Multivariable adjusted with rollovera | Multivariable adjusted without rolloverb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Passenger Characteristics | ||||||||
Age, continuous | 0.99 | (0.97, 1.01) | 0.99 | (0.97, 1.01) | 1.02 | (1.02, 1.02) | 1.02 | (1.02, 1.02) |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Female | 5.38 | (4.31, 6.72) | 2.51 | (2.16, 2.92) | 1.43 | (1.27, 1.60) | 1.07 | (0.98, 1.18) |
Seating position | ||||||||
Left | ref | ref | ||||||
Middle | 0.25 | (0.17, 0.35) | 0.01 | (0.01, 0.02) | ||||
Right | 1.28 | (1.08, 1.51) | 0.98 | (0.84, 1.14) | ||||
Restraint Status | ||||||||
Yes | ref | ref | ref | |||||
No | 9.44 | (3.02, 29.50) | - | 22.95 | (18.36, 28.68) | 10.55 | (9.12, 12.21) | |
Driver Characteristics | ||||||||
Age | ||||||||
15–19 | ref | ref | ||||||
20–44 | 0.80 | (0.71, 0.90) | 1.23 | (0.88, 1.72) | ||||
45–64 | 0.47 | (0.41, 0.55) | 1.29 | (0.89, 1.86) | ||||
65+ | 0.77 | (0.65, 0.92) | 1.40 | (0.88, 2.23) | ||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Female | 1.59 | (1.29, 1.96) | 1.77 | (1.40, 2.22) | 2.36 | (2.08, 2.67) | 2.25 | (2.04, 2.49) |
Restraint Status | ||||||||
No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Yes | 4.24 | (3.42, 5.26) | 2.36 | (1.63, 3.41) | 6.32 | (4.75, 8.41) | 2.35 | (1.84, 3.00) |
Alcohol involved | ||||||||
No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Yes | 44.95 | (9.39, 215.19) | 1.60 | (1.30, 1.97) | 13.76 | (10.38, 18.25) | 11.98 | (9.57, 14.99) |
Vehicle Characteristics | ||||||||
Model year, continuous | 0.95 | (0.91, 0.99) | 0.96 | (0.93, 0.98) | ||||
Model year, categorical | ||||||||
<1994 | ref | ref | ||||||
1994–1997 | 1.72 | (0.85, 3.48) | 1.05 | (0.51, 2.17) | ||||
1998–2004 | 2.18 | (1.15, 4.14) | 1.83 | (0.97, 3.43) | ||||
2005–2008 | 1.17 | (0.61, 2.26) | 1.06 | (0.55, 2.02) | ||||
2009–2014 | 1.02 | (0.53, 1.96) | 0.92 | (0.48, 1.76) | ||||
Vehicle type | ||||||||
Car | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
SUV | 0.80 | (0.61, 1.06) | 0.89 | (0.73, 1.09) | 0.40 | (0.34, 0.47) | 0.47 | (0.41, 0.54) |
Van | 0.51 | (0.34, 0.78) | 0.48 | (0.35, 0.67) | 0.41 | (0.33, 0.51) | 0.48 | (0.40, 0.56) |
Pickup | 0.43 | (0.29, 0.66) | 0.38 | (0.27, 0.54) | 0.29 | (0.23, 0.37) | 0.22 | (0.18, 0.28) |
Crash Characteristics | ||||||||
Crash Side | ||||||||
Same side | 2.47 | (2.08, 2.94) | 2.78 | (2.39, 3.23) | 2.76 | (2.48, 3.08) | 2.54 | (2.31, 2.79) |
Middle seated | 0.47 | (0.33, 0.67) | 0.01 | (0.00, 0.01) | 0.64 | (0.51, 0.80) | 0.74 | (0.60, 0.90) |
Opposite side | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Crash Type | ||||||||
Single vehicle | 19.35 | (15.69, 23.87) | 13.63 | (11.21, 16.58) | 4.50 | (3.59, 5.64) | 5.23 | (4.32, 6.32) |
Angle | 10.96 | (9.28, 12.94) | 8.71 | (7.40, 10.26) | 13.81 | (11.15, 17.11) | 10.85 | (9.24, 12.73) |
Sideswipe-same direction | 0.18 | (0.11, 0.27) | 0.18 | (0.13, 0.27) | 0.23 | (0.15, 0.36) | 0.27 | (0.18, 0.41) |
Sideswipe-opposite direction | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Striking vehicle | ||||||||
No striking vehicle | 4.26 | (1.89, 9.60) | 2.55 | (2.01, 3.23) | ||||
Multiple vehicle | 0.90 | (0.33, 2.46) | 1.83 | (1.27, 2.62) | ||||
Smaller/similar | ref | ref | ||||||
Larger | 1.64 | (0.87, 3.09) | 1.45 | (1.17, 1.78) | ||||
Rollover | ||||||||
No | ref | ref | ref | |||||
Yes | 31.66 | (7.85, 127.63) | 23.17 | (5.22, 102.85) | 42.40 | (31.25, 57.53) | ||
Speed related | ||||||||
No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
Yes | 5.99 | (2.06, 17.45) | 2.14 | (1.47, 3.11) | 7.70 | (6.00, 9.88) | 5.70 | (4.66, 6.97) |
Time of crash | ||||||||
Day | ref | ref | ||||||
Night | 0.96 | (0.78, 1.19) | 0.86 | (0.64, 1.01) | ||||
Week of Day | ||||||||
Weekday | ref | ref | ||||||
Weekend | 1.09 | (0.89, 1.33) | 1.01 | (0.86, 1.19) |