Table 1 Example of variables to consider in stages 1-6 when managing the injury risk of an elite midfield Gaelic football player. The player is aged 21 years and sustained a hamstring injury within the last 12 months
From: A six stage operational framework for individualising injury risk management in sport
Stage 1 – Injury Trends | Stage 2 – Risk Factors | Stage 3 – Sport Demands | Stage 4 – Athlete Profiling | Stage 5 – Athlete Management | Stage 6 – Athlete Monitoring |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Injury probability > 12 months uninjured, 14% Aged 21-24, 27% Previous injury, 41% Previous hamstring injury, 44% | Injury history Previous injury, Odds risk, OR = 3.0 Previous hamstring injury, OR = 3.3 | Match-play demands Total distance, 10,621m Relative total distance, 152 m.min−1 High speed distance (>17 km/h), 2000 m High speed distance (>17 km/h), 29 m.min−1 | Physiological characteristics Incremental treadmill test YoYoIR1 YoYoIR2 30-15 IFT 1 km time trial Repeated-sprint fatigue index Knee flexor strength Biomechanical assessment Anthropometric assessment | Interventions Nordic hamstring exercise programme Small-sided game variations High-intensity interval training Load management iTRIMP thresholds | Useful tools Load management GPS running distances Force-velocity profile iTRIMP thresholds Knee flexor strength S-RPE Acute:chronic workload ratio HAGOS Wellness Heart rate recovery |
Team rate Time-loss injuries per season, 42 Players affected per season, 27 Injury prevalence per season, 66% | Training variables > 15 max velocity exposures, OR = 3.4 > 120m max speed running, OR = 3.1 Acute:chronic workload ratio > 1.35, OR = 2.0 Acute:chronic workload ratio > 2.0, OR = 3.4 Weekly S-RPE >2700 AU, OR = 2.4 | Match-play worse case scenario Relative total distance in 1 min, 252 m.min−1 Relative total distance in 5 min, 197 m.min−1 | |||
Injury incidence Training, 4/1000 h Match-play, 62/1000 h Match-play to training rate ratio, 15.3 | Physiological variables 1 km time trial time > 3.1 min, OR = 2.5 YoYoIR1 distance 1670-2150 m, OR = 1.6 YoYoIR1 distance > 2150m, OR = 0.33 > 20 mins at 85%HRmax per week, OR = 0.22 Preseason eccentric hamstring strength between-limb imbalance > 10%, RR = 1.4 | Training demands Pitch session, 370 S-RPE AU Gym session, 250 S-RPE AU Small-sided game for 4 min, 930m | |||
Common injuries Lower limb, 76% (mean, 28 time-loss days) Hamstring, 21% (mean, 26 time-loss days) | |||||
Common injury mechanism Non-contact, 81% | |||||
Average associated time-loss Per injury, 28 days Per injury for 21-24 years, 24 days Per team each season, 908 days Injury burden, 115 days/1000 h | |||||
Injuries Per Cycle Preseason, 17% Competitive cycle 1, 25% Mid-season, 19% Competitive cycle 2, 39% |