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Table 3 Rates of probable low and normal bone mineral density fractures within 1 year of initiating antihypertensive monotherapy

From: Initiation of antihypertensive monotherapy and incident fractures among Medicare beneficiaries

Drug Class

Probable Low Bone Mineral Density Fractures

Normal Bone Mineral Density Fractures

# Fractures

P-Yrs

Rate Per 10,000 P-Yrs (95% CI)

SMRW HR (95% CI)

# Fractures

P-Yrs

Rate Per 10,000 P-Yrs (95% CI)

SMRW HR (95% CI)

ACE

424

38,157

111 (101, 122)

ref

901

38,157

236 (221, 252)

ref

ARB

99

10,452

95 (77, 115)

0.93 (0.74, 1.17)

237

10,452

227 (199, 257)

0.97 (0.84, 1.13)

BB

464

34,864

133 (121, 146)

1.08 (0.93, 1.26)

969

34,864

278 (261, 296)

1.09 (0.98, 1.21)

CCB

280

17,245

162 (144, 182)

1.13 (0.95, 1.35)

467

17,245

271 (274, 296)

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

THZ

171

15,273

112 (96, 130)

0.85 (0.68, 1.06)

418

15,273

274 (248, 301)

1.12 (0.98, 1.29)

  1. P-Yrs person-years (calculated by dividing the total number of follow-up days by 365.25)
  2. SMRW Standardized mortality ratio weight, calculated adjusting for all baseline covariates
  3. Incident fracture rates and corresponding 95% CIs were defined as the total number of incident fractures by the total P-Yrs at risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using SMR weighted Cox proportional hazard models using a ‘first-treatment-carried-forward’ analysis design. CIs were calculated using robust standard errors to account for the SMRWs”
  4. Probable low bone mineral density fractures included hip and radius fractures. All other non-vertebral fractures were defined as normal bone mineral density fractures
  5. ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, BB beta blockers, CCB calcium channel blockers, or THZ thiazide diuretics