Sport/ recreational activitya,b | Age group | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5–9 years of age | 10–14 years of age | 15–18 years of age | ||||||||||
No. | Ratec | % with TBI | P-valued | No. | Ratec | % with TBI | P-valued | No. | Ratec | % with TBI | P-valued | |
Team sports | 6551 | 204.6 | 13.2 | <.001 | 35,750 | 1108.3 | 11.5 | 0.002 | 30,520 | 1190.2 | 13.7 | 0.87 |
American tackle football | 2274 | 71 | 12.8 | 0.05 | 12,953 | 401.6 | 13.4 | <.001 | 9193 | 358.5 | 16.9 | <.001 |
Basketball | 1427 | 44.6 | 12.5 | 0.21 | 10,204 | 316.3 | 8.6 | <.001 | 11,711 | 456.7 | 8.5 | <.001 |
Soccer | 1196 | 37.3 | 9.8 | 0.06 | 4897 | 151.8 | 12.2 | 0.011 | 4015 | 156.6 | 19.0 | <.001 |
Baseball/softball | 1266 | 39.5 | 17.9 | <.001 | 4821 | 149.5 | 11.8 | 0.14 | 2753 | 107.4 | 14.1 | 0.44 |
Volleyball | 36 | 1.1 | 11.1 | >.99 | 879 | 27.3 | 7.5 | <.001 | 793 | 30.9 | 10.8 | 0.02 |
Lacrosse/field hockey | 28 | 0.9 | 10.7 | >.99 | 302 | 9.4 | 21.5 | <.001 | 553 | 21.6 | 25.1 | <.001 |
Touch/flag football | 85 | 2.7 | 21.2 | 0.005 | 309 | 9.6 | 14.2 | 0.08 | 242 | 9.4 | 17.4 | 0.09 |
Rugby | 0 | – | 0.0 | – | 48 | 1.5 | 33.3 | <.001 | 237 | 9.2 | 29.1 | <.001 |
Other team sports | 239 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 0.61 | 1337 | 41.4 | 10.8 | 0.76 | 1023 | 39.9 | 13.3 | 0.75 |
Individual sports | 755 | 23.6 | 8.7 | 0.02 | 2542 | 78.8 | 10.2 | 0.15 | 2865 | 111.7 | 13 | 0.32 |
Wrestling | 277 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 0.27 | 1419 | 44 | 11.5 | 0.64 | 1876 | 73.2 | 13.7 | 0.94 |
Martial arts | 106 | 3.3 | 8.5 | 0.33 | 259 | 8.0 | 10 | 0.58 | 160 | 6.2 | 13.1 | 0.85 |
Racquet | 16 | 0.5 | 6.3 | >.99 | 79 | 2.4 | 8.9 | 0.53 | 91 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 0.10 |
Golf | 58 | 1.8 | 17.2 | 0.17 | 58 | 1.8 | 15.5 | 0.28 | 43 | 1.7 | 16.3 | 0.61 |
Boxinge | <10 | 40 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 0.12 | 115 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 0.07 | |||
Bowling | 44 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.06 | 34 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.03 | 28 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.03 |
Track and fielde | <10 | 39 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 0.31 | 58 | 2.3 | 10.3 | 0.46 | |||
Other individual sports | 250 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 0.05 | 614 | 19 | 8.5 | 0.04 | 494 | 19.3 | 13.4 | 0.86 |
Fall/struck by/against in sports | 2724 | 85.1 | 15.2 | <.001 | 11,714 | 363.2 | 15.8 | <.001 | 9496 | 370.3 | 19.7 | <.001 |
Other team/individual sports, NEC | 128 | 4.0 | 9.4 | 0.45 | 375 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 0.55 | 276 | 10.8 | 12 | 0.41 |
Dancing and rhythmic movement | 1009 | 31.5 | 5.9 | <.001 | 2604 | 80.7 | 10.1 | 0.09 | 1904 | 74.2 | 14.5 | 0.24 |
Cheerleading | 103 | 3.2 | 10.7 | 0.80 | 1006 | 31.2 | 16.6 | <.001 | 971 | 37.9 | 20.2 | <.001 |
Gymnastics | 563 | 17.6 | 5.0 | <.001 | 938 | 29.1 | 7.0 | <.001 | 295 | 11.5 | 10.2 | 0.08 |
Other dancing/rhythmic movement | 343 | 10.7 | 6.1 | 0.002 | 660 | 20.5 | 4.4 | <.001 | 638 | 24.9 | 8.0 | <.001 |
Cardio and strength training | 4453 | 139.1 | 13.0 | 0.001 | 6084 | 188.6 | 6.3 | <.001 | 4876 | 190.1 | 4.8 | <.001 |
Running | 3253 | 101.6 | 14.5 | <.001 | 3948 | 122.4 | 6.7 | <.001 | 1929 | 75.2 | 5.4 | <.001 |
Walking | 1071 | 33.4 | 8.9 | 0.007 | 1631 | 50.6 | 6.4 | <.001 | 1609 | 62.7 | 5.3 | <.001 |
Other cardio | 64 | 2.0 | 9.4 | 0.60 | 134 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 0.001 | 123 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 0.002 |
Strength training | 63 | 2.0 | 12.7 | 0.76 | 367 | 11.4 | 4.1 | <.001 | 1211 | 47.2 | 3.3 | <.001 |
Yogae | <10 | <10 | <10 | |||||||||
Play/unstructured activities | 12,188 | 380.6 | 8.1 | <.001 | 5039 | 156.2 | 7.5 | <.001 | 982 | 38.3 | 9.0 | <.001 |
Fall from playground equipment | 9290 | 290.1 | 8.9 | <.001 | 2246 | 69.6 | 9.7 | 0.03 | 275 | 10.7 | 13.8 | 0.93 |
Trampoline | 2396 | 74.8 | 4.6 | <.001 | 1816 | 56.3 | 3.6 | <.001 | 411 | 16.0 | 4.1 | <.001 |
Frisbee | 12 | 0.4 | 8.3 | >.99 | 61 | 1.9 | 11.5 | 0.93 | 79 | 3.1 | 12.7 | 0.80 |
Jumping rope | 58 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 0.49 | 74 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 0.05 | 15 | 0.6 | 6.7 | 0.71 |
Activities involving physical games | 432 | 13.5 | 9.5 | 0.19 | 842 | 26.1 | 10.0 | 0.30 | 202 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 0.25 |
Pedal cycle | 9145 | 285.6 | 12.8 | <.001 | 8713 | 270.1 | 10.6 | 0.14 | 3126 | 121.9 | 14.3 | 0.25 |
Nontraffic | 8297 | 259.1 | 12.7 | <.001 | 7775 | 241 | 10.4 | 0.045 | 2519 | 98.2 | 14.1 | 0.46 |
Traffic | 210 | 6.6 | 25.7 | <.001 | 382 | 11.8 | 24.1 | <.001 | 414 | 16.1 | 17.6 | 0.02 |
Unspecified | 638 | 19.9 | 8.9 | 0.04 | 556 | 17.2 | 4.3 | <.001 | 193 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 0.12 |
Activities involving water | 1001 | 31.3 | 13.1 | 0.11 | 1528 | 47.4 | 14.8 | <.001 | 1360 | 53 | 15.0 | 0.14 |
Waterskiing | 17 | 0.5 | 47.1 | <.001 | 77 | 2.4 | 27.3 | <.001 | 118 | 4.6 | 23.7 | 0.001 |
Other activities involving water | 984 | 30.7 | 12.5 | 0.32 | 1451 | 45.0 | 14.1 | <.001 | 1242 | 48.4 | 14.2 | 0.58 |
Other recreational activities | 7244 | 226.2 | 11.7 | 0.56 | 14,149 | 438.6 | 10.5 | 0.02 | 9381 | 365.8 | 13.9 | 0.45 |
Roller skating/skateboarding | 2428 | 75.8 | 7.5 | <.001 | 6514 | 201.9 | 8.0 | <.001 | 3434 | 133.9 | 11.5 | <.001 |
Snow/off-road vehicles | 1257 | 39.3 | 16.8 | <.001 | 2791 | 86.5 | 14.5 | <.001 | 2429 | 94.7 | 15.9 | 0.001 |
Snow skiing, snowboarding, etc. | 541 | 16.9 | 22.4 | <.001 | 1706 | 52.9 | 14.0 | <.001 | 1527 | 59.5 | 17.3 | <.001 |
Animal being ridden | 414 | 12.9 | 21.5 | <.001 | 978 | 30.4 | 20.9 | <.001 | 1123 | 43.8 | 20.7 | <.001 |
Scooter | 1433 | 45.1 | 11.4 | 0.96 | 929 | 28.8 | 9.3 | 0.07 | 123 | 4.8 | 2.4 | <.001 |
Air gun | 377 | 11.8 | 2.7 | <.001 | 768 | 23.8 | 2.3 | <.001 | 448 | 17.5 | 1.1 | <.001 |
Climbing/rappelling | 794 | 24.8 | 8.7 | 0.01 | 463 | 14.4 | 4.8 | <.001 | 297 | 11.6 | 5.7 | <.001 |
Place of recreation/sport | 4293 | 134.1 | 13.0 | 0.001 | 6387 | 198 | 9.4 | <.001 | 4356 | 169.9 | 9.9 | <.001 |
Total | 49,491 | 1545.5 | 11.5 | – | 94,885 | 2941.6 | 11.1 | – | 69,142 | 2696.3 | 13.6 | – |