Variables | Unadjusted, unrestrained OR (95% CI) | Multivariable adjusted, unrestrained OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
Passenger characteristics | ||
Passenger age (years) | ||
0 to < 1 | Ref | |
1 to < 2 | 0.98 (0.79–1.23) | |
Passenger gender | ||
Male | Ref | |
Female | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | |
Seating position | ||
Center seated | 1.52 (1.18–1.96) | 1.55 (1.19–2.03) |
Seated outboard | Ref | Ref |
Driver characteristics | ||
Driver age (years) | ||
< 20 | 1.97 (1.35–2.88) | 2.18 (1.42–3.34) |
20 to 29 | Ref | Ref |
30 to 64 | 1.09 (0.85–1.38) | 1.16 (0.87–1.54) |
≥ 65 | 2.43 (1.29–4.57) | 2.00 (0.88–4.54) |
Driver gender | ||
Male | 1.33 (1.06–1.66) | |
Female | Ref | |
Driver restraint status | ||
Restrained | Ref | Ref |
Unrestrained | 3.34 (2.61–4.27) | 3.17 (2.38–4.21) |
Driver’s alcohol status | ||
No | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 2.57 (1.77–3.73) | 2.21 (1.42–3.44) |
Unknown | 0.86 (0.67–1.11) | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) |
Driver’s drug status | ||
No | Ref | |
Yes | 1.40 (0.98–2.00) | |
Unknown | 1.13 (0.89–1.44) | |
Previous violations | ||
No | Ref | |
Yes | 1.25 (0.99–1.58) | |
Vehicle characteristics | ||
Vehicle type | ||
Passenger car | Ref | |
SUV | 1.30 (1.00–1.68) | |
Van | 1.44 (0.99–2.10) | |
Pickup truck | 1.26 (0.88–1.81) | |
Crash-level characteristics | ||
Day/Night | ||
Day | Ref | |
Night | 1.51 (1.21–1.89) | |
Weekday/Weekend | ||
Weekday | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 1.52 (1.12–2.01) |
Weekend | Ref | Ref |
Weekday rush hour | ||
Yes | Ref | |
No | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | |
Roadway type | ||
Expressway | Ref | |
Surface Street | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | |
Urban/Rural | ||
Urban | Ref | |
Rural | 1.34 (1.05–1.72) | |
Unknown | 1.15 (0.80–1.65) |