Fig. 1
From: Educational achievement and youth homicide mortality: a City-wide, neighborhood-based analysis
Path diagram of average causal mediation effects and average direct effects of variables of interest on neighborhood youth homicide mortality rates. Effects of familial poverty and educational achievement, 8th grade, are shown to be fully mediated through educational achievement, 3rd grade, while effects of single parent family rate are shown to be fully mediated through race. No direct effects of familial poverty, educational achievement, 8th grade, or single parent family rate were found to be significant by causal mediation analysis. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05