Educational achievement and youth homicide mortality: a City-wide, neighborhood-based analysis

Table 5 Summary of causal mediation analyses determined through non-parametric bootstrapping (1000 simulations per analysis). Direct and causal mediation effects of each independent variable through possible mediator variables are described in terms of effect on the primary outcome variable, neighborhood youth homicide mortality rate, controlling for other model variables. ADE: average direct effects; ACME: average causal mediation effects

	1. Race		2. Familial Poverty Rate		3. Single-Parent Rate		4. Educational Achievement, 3rd Grade		5. Educational Achievement, 8th Grade
Independent Variable	ACME	ADE	ACME	ADE	ACME	ADE	ACME	ADE	ACME	ADE
1. Race	–	–	0.013	0.333**	0.065	0.333**	−0.003	0.333**	−0.003	0.333**
2. Familial Poverty Rate	−0.103	−0.171	–	–	− 0.103	−0.171	0.151*	− 0.171	−0.010	− 0.171
3. Single-Parent Rate	0.443**	0.240	−0.079	0.240	–	–	0.009	0.240	− 0.094	0.240
4. Educational Achievement, 3rd Grade	0.007	−0.508*	0.053	−0.508*	−0.003	− 0.508*	–	–	0.071	− 0.508*
5. Educational Achievement, 8th Grade	−0.039	0.275	0.015	0.275	−0.159	0.275	−0.300*	0.275	–	–

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