Driving contradictions: behaviors and attitudes regarding handheld and hands-free cellphone use while driving among young drivers

Table 2 Attitudes toward handheld and hands-free cellphone use while driving behaviors

	Handheld^a CUWD^b Behaviors			Hands-free^c CUWD Behaviors
Attitudes^d N (%^e)	Unlikely	Neutral	Likely	Unlikely	Neutral	Likely	P-value^f
Being in a crash
Talking on the phone	32 (52)	6 (10)	24 (39)	46 (74)	4 (7)	12 (19)	0.0001
Sending messages^g	14 (23)	3 (5)	45 (73)	37 (60)	5 (8)	20 (32)	< 0.0001
Reading messages	16 (26)	3 (5)	43 (69)	38 (61)	8 (13)	16 (26)	< 0.0001
Getting a traffic ticket
Talking on the phone	37 (60)	8 (13)	17 (27)	50 (81)	4 (7)	8 (13)	< 0.0001
Sending messages	21 (34)	1 (2)	40 (65)	50 (81)	4 (7)	8 (13)	< 0.0001
Reading messages	26 (42)	3 (5)	33 (53)	50 (81)	2 (3)	10 (16)	< 0.0001
	No	Maybe	Yes	No	Maybe	Yes
Negatively affect driving ability
Talking on the phone	13 (21)	15 (24)	34 (55)	35 (57)	18 (29)	9 (15)	0.0619
Sending messages	0 (0)	6 (10)	56 (90)	13 (21)	35 (57)	14 (23)	0.0161
Reading messages	3 (5)	16 (26)	43 (69)	17 (27)	32 (52)	13 (21)	0.4203

^aHandheld use was defined as physically holding the phone
^bCellphone use while driving (CUWD)
^cHands-free use was defined as using devices such as Bluetooth and speaker phone so there is no physical interaction between the driver and their phone when engaging in the aforementioned behaviors
^dParticipants were questioned about their attitudes relating to the impact of cellphone use while driving (CUWD) behaviors on the following three outcomes: being in a crash, getting a traffic ticket, and negatively affecting their driving ability
^eRow percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding
^fP-value from the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test comparing each handheld CUWD behavior to its hands-free variant, bolded when < 0.05
^gMessages were defined as text or email messages

ISSN: 2197-1714