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Table 2 Comparisons by light conditions (day versus night) for male and female ATV crash victims as documented in the Iowa Statewide ORV Database

From: The dark side of nighttime all-terrain vehicle use

 

Male

  

Female

  

Day

Night

 

Day

Night

 

N (Row%)

1176 (76%)

371 (24%)

 

308 (74%)

108 (26%)

 

Variable

n (Col%)a

n (Col%)a

p value

n (Col%)a

n (Col%)a

p value

Age Range

 Youth (< 16)

318 (27%)

40 (11%)

< 0.0001

124 (42%)

25 (24%)

0.0014

 Adult

843 (73%)

327 (89%)

 

174 (58%)

79 (76%)

 

Seating

 Operator

881 (91%)

266 (88%)

0.05

149 (60%)

35 (45%)

0.016

 Passenger

84 (9%)

38 (13%)

 

98 (40%)

43 (55%)

 

Helmet

 Yes

140 (20%)

29 (12%)

0.009

24 (12%)

3 (5%)

0.15

 No

557 (80%)

204 (88%)

 

171 (88%)

58 (95%)

 

Alcoholc

 Positive

85 (11%)

101 (39%)

< 0.0001

15 (7%)

34 (40%)

< 0.0001

 Negative

665 (89%)

157 (61%)

 

187 (93%)

52 (60%)

 

 Not tested/unknown

221

57

 

60

13

 

Season

 Winter

116 (10%)

52 (14%)

0.016

13 (4%)

5 (5%)

0.029

 Spring

303 (26%)

79 (21%)

 

86 (28%)

22 (20%)

 

 Summer

496 (42%)

141 (38%)

 

153 (50%)

47 (44%)

 

 Fall

261 (22%)

99 (27%)

 

56 (18%)

34 (31%)

 

Weekday

 Weekday (Mon-Thu)

447 (38%)

99 (27%)

< 0.0001

104 (34%)

18 (17%)

0.0008

 Weekend (Fri-Sat)

729 (62%)

272 (73%)

 

204 (66%)

90 (83%)

 

Location

 Roadway

424 (44%)

155 (52%)

0.02

127 (50%)

51 (58%)

0.19

 Off-road

539 (56%)

145 (48%)

 

127 (50%)

37 (42%)

 

Road surface

 Paved

176 (48%)

56 (42%)

0.24

41 (37%)

22 (48%)

0.20

 Unpaved

193 (52%)

78 (58%)

 

70 (63%)

24 (52%)

 

Crash mechanism

 ATV-ATV collision

38 (4%)

24 (7%)

< 0.0001

17 (6%)

9 (9%)

0.12

 ATV-MV collision

156 (16%)

25 (8%)

 

28 (10%)

4 (4%)

 

 ATV-Object collision

121 (12%)

53 (17%)

 

30 (11%)

16 (16%)

 

 Non-collision

685 (69%)

219 (68%)

 

200 (73%)

68 (70%)

 

Fell/Ejected

 Yes

314 (61%)

109 (69%)

0.058

89 (64%)

26 (60%)

0.63

 No

200 (39%)

48 (31%)

 

49 (36%)

17 (40%)

 

Hit/Pinned

 Yes

165 (26%)

36 (18%)

0.021

29 (17%)

9 (15%)

0.69

 No

476 (74%)

166 (82%)

 

142 (83%)

52 (85%)

 

Fatality

 Yes

63 (5%)

27 (7%)

0.16

6 (2%)

3 (3%)

0.70b

 No

1108 (95%)

340 (93%)

 

302 (98%)

105 (97%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: all-terrain vehicle, ATV; column percent, Col%; MV, motor vehicle; off-road vehicle, ORV
  2. aColumn total may not equal group N due to missing data
  3. bFisher’s Exact Test
  4. cAlcohol test results are from the Department of Transportation and State Trauma Registry datasets: Male/Day N = 971; Male/Night N = 315; Female/Day N = 262, Female/Night N = 99