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Table 1 Overall incident rates of death during organized school sports in Japanese middle and high school by sport between 2005 and 2016

From: Epidemiology of sudden death in organized school sports in Japan

Sport

Number of deaths

Number of athletes

Incident rate per 100,000 athlete-years

95%CI

Rugby

13

283,224

4.59

2.43

6.75

Judo

24

638,340

3.76

1.58

5.93

Baseball

25

4,264,644

0.59

0.38

0.79

Kendo

8

1,600,332

0.50

0.17

0.83

Soccer/ Futsal

20

4,972,080

0.40

0.26

0.55

Basketball

18

5,620,116

0.32

0.18

0.46

Badminton

6

2,975,640

0.20

0.08

0.32

Tennis

11

6,604,788

0.17

0.10

0.24

Volleyball

5

3,852,084

0.13

0.04

0.22

  1. Population data for middle school and high school student athletes were retrieved from the Nippon Junior High School Physical Culture Association and All Japan High School Athletic Federation membership data (middle school, http://njpa.sakura.ne.jp/pdf/kamei/h28kameiseito_m.pdf and http://njpa.sakura.ne.jp/pdf/kamei/h28kameiseito_f.pdf; high school, https://www.zen-koutairen.com/pdf/reg-28nen.pdf). Due to missing data in some years, data from 2016 was used as the estimate of participant numbers in all years