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Table 3 Risk factors for experiencing gun violence, other weapon-involved violence, or physical violence as an adult among unhoused and unstably housed women (N = 239)

From: Gun violence against unhoused and unstably housed women: A cross-sectional study that highlights links to childhood violence

Variable

Attacked with Gun

Adjusted

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Attacked with Knife or Another Weapon

Adjusted

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Hit or Kicked Hard Enough to Cause Injury

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Model 1

Age

1.01 (0.987, 1.040)

1.00 (0.979, 1.030)

0.99 (0.964, 1.021)

Race

Alaskan/Native American

1.19 (0.366, 3.896)

0.89 (0.274, 2.858)

2.31 (0.534, 9.972)

Asian/Pacific Islander

0.77 (0.159, 3.752)

0.59 (0.120, 2.873)

1.56 (0.257, 9.446)

Black/African American

0.98 (0.493, 1.942)

1.25 (0.642, 2.451)

1.48 (0.708, 3.081)

Hispanic/Latina

1.47 (0.637, 3.391)

1.12 (0.474, 2.665)

0.74 (0.281, 1.927)

Multiracial/Other

1.67 (0.728, 3.830)

2.08 (0.888, 4.858)

1.81 (0.688, 4.737)

White

Ref

Ref

Ref

Sexual orientation

Homosexual/Lesbian

0.36 (0.107, 1.230)

1.03 (0.333, 3.171)

1.44 (0.367, 5.639)

Bisexual

0.61 (0.274, 1.338)

1.13 (0.513, 2.491)

1.06 (0.418, 2.667)

Other

0.64 (0.135, 3.018)

1.44 (0.293, 7.093)

0.52 (0.100, 2.750)

Heterosexual

Ref

Ref

Ref

Hit or kicked as child

2.53 (1.399, 4.571)

2.55 (1.423, 4.568)

3.49 (1.736, 7.022)

Forced sexual contact as child

0.86 (0.464, 1.600)

0.84 (0.452, 1.551)

1.06 (0.523, 2.140)

Attacked with gun as child

2.39 (0.768, 7.440)

2.72 (0.750, 9.891)

1.87 (0.352, 9.911)

Attacked with knife or another weapon as child

1.29 (0.600, 2.754)

1.30 (0.596, 2.834)

1.44 (0.548, 3.804)

Model 2^

Education level

Less than high school

1.40 (0.740, 2.653)

1.00 (0.527, 1.898)

0.64 (0.312, 1.307)

Completed high school

Ref

Ref

Ref

College graduate

0.73 (0.300, 1.753)

2.78 (1.100, 7.052)

1.90 (0.653, 5.538)

Model 3*

Time homeless

1.03 (0.995, 1.076)

1.04 (0.998, 1.084)

1.05 (1.000, 1.112)

  1. All models include age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and each of the four childhood trauma variables shown
  2. Missing data: 3 women are excluded from the analysis due to missing data for childhood gun violence, an additional 2 women are excluded from the analysis due to missing data for childhood sexual violence, and an additional 1 woman is excluded from the analysis due to missing data on childhood physical violence
  3. ^Model 2 additionally includes educational attainment. (2 additional women are excluded from the analysis due to missing data on education level; N = 237)
  4. *Model 3 additionally includes time spent homeless. (2 additional women are excluded from the analysis due to missing data on time unhoused; N = 237)