From: Unlicensed driving among young drivers in North Carolina: a quasi-induced exposure analysis
16-year-olds | 17-year-olds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Unlicensed | Odds-ratio (CI) | Unlicensed | Odds-ratio (CI) | |||||||
n | % | Crude | Adjusted | Total | n | % | Crude | Adjusted | |||
Licensing Era | |||||||||||
Pre-GDL | 10,406 | 131 | 1.3% | 11,634 | 193 | 1.7% | |||||
Post-GDL | 8394 | 106 | 1.3% | 1.00 (0.78; 1.3) | 1.07 (0.83; 1.39) | 11,444 | 230 | 2.0% | 1.22 (1.00; 1.47) | 1.27 (1.05; 1.54) | |
Race | |||||||||||
White | 16,496 | 163 | 1.0% | 18,974 | 288 | 1.5% | |||||
Black | 2304 | 74 | 3.2% | 3.32 (2.52; 4.39) | 2.96 (2.22; 3.94) | 4104 | 135 | 3.3% | 2.21 (1.79; 2.72) | 1.79 (1.45; 2.22) | |
Neighborhood income | |||||||||||
Upper 75% | 14,569 | 149 | 1.0% | 17,518 | 225 | 1.3% | |||||
Lower 25% | 4231 | 88 | 2.1% | 2.06 (1.58; 2.68) | 1.71 (1.30; 2.24) | 5560 | 198 | 3.6% | 2.84 (2.34; 3.44) | 2.56 (2.09; 3.12) |