Table 1 Demographics of trauma patients with pre-injury polysubstance use by number of substances
Characteristics | Opioids | Opioids + 1 substance | Opioids + ≥ 2 substance | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age yrs, n(%) | < 0.0001 | |||
≤ 21 | 736 (23.6) | 1232 (39.6) | 1142 (36.7) | |
22–34 | 3216 (19.2) | 6115 (36.6) | 7362 (44.1) | |
35–44 | 2238 (21.9) | 3691 (36.23) | 4258 (41.8) | |
45–64 | 5932 (31.1) | 6829 (36.2) | 6064 (32.21) | |
≥ 65 | 5808 (60.15) | 2298 (23.80) | 1550 (16.05) | |
Sex, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
Female | 6903 (37.9) | 5927 (32.5) | 5378 (29.5) | |
Male | 11,026 (27.39) | 14,237 (35.36) | 14,996 (37.25) | |
Missing | 1 (25.0) | 1 (25) | 2 (50.0) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
White | 13,587 (32.59) | 13,941 (33.4) | 14,161 (33.97) | |
African American | 2214 (21.77) | 4053 (39.85) | 3903 (38.38) | |
Asian | 362 (56.83) | 154 (24.18) | 121 (19.00) | |
American indian | 120 (18.21) | 222 (33.6) | 317 (48.10) | |
Pacific Islander | 21 (21.00) | 40 (40.0) | 39 (39.00) | |
Other | 1544 (31.63) | 1638 (33.55) | 1700 (34.8) | |
Missing | 82 (24.55) | 117 (35.03) | 135 (40.42) | |
Mechanism Category, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
Auto versus Pedesterian | 632 (24.28) | 939 (36.07) | 1032 (39.65) | |
Fall | 6811 (42.08) | 5181 (32.01) | 4194 (25.91) | |
Motorcycle collision | 1232 (32.75) | 1343 (35.70) | 1187 (31.55) | |
Motor vehicle collision | 5417 (30.27) | 6209 (34.69) | 6271 (35.04) | |
Missing | 210 (23.73) | 353 (39.89) | 322 (36.38) | |
Other | 2401 (25.76) | 3177 (34.08) | 3744 (40.16) | |
Penetrating | 1227 (15.70) | 2963 (37.91) | 3626 (46.39) | |
Payment, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
Public | 8235 (30.50) | 9214 (34.14) | 9537 (35.34) | |
Private | 6924 (34.66) | 6775 (33.91) | 6279 (31.43) | |
Uninsured | 1664 (20.00) | 2986 (35.89) | 3670 (44.11) | |
Other | 954 (37.14) | 949 (36.94) | 666 (25.92) | |
Missing | 153 (24.76) | 241 (39.00) | 224 (36.25) | |
Comorbidities n (%) | ||||
Alcohol Use Disorder | 824 (15.89) | 1973 (38.04) | 2390 (46.08) | < 0.0001 |
Substance Use Disorder | 1174 (10.39) | 4239 (37.43) | 5911 (52.20) | < 0.0001 |
Cognitive heart failure | 744 (51.74) | 407 (28.30) | 287 (19.96) | < 0.0001 |
Chronic Renal Disease | 208 (55.47) | 108 (28.80) | 59 (15.73) | < 0.0001 |
Smoker | 3745 (18.50) | 7633 (37.70) | 8869 (43.80) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 6639 (44.46) | 4606 (30.85) | 3687 (24.69) | < 0.0001 |
COPD | 1512 (37.95) | 1332 (33.43) | 1140 (28.61) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes | 2788 (48.89) | 1664 (29.18) | 1251 (21.94) | < 0.0001 |
Injury Severity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
Less severe | 14,711 (31.40) | 16,204 (34.89) | 15,935 (34.01) | |
Severe | 3160 (27.43) | 3913 (34.09) | 4405 (38.38) | |
Missing | 59 (41.26) | 48 (33.57) | 36 (25.17) | |
GCS, median | 15 | 15 | 15 | < 0.0001 |
Pulse Rate, median | 87 | 90 | 92 | < 0.0001 |
SBP, median mmHG | 140 | 135 | 133 | < 0.0001 |