Opioid-related polysubstance use and its effect on mortality and health resource utilization among trauma patients

Table 4 Odds of health service utilization in adult trauma patients after adjusting multivariate logistic regression

	Hospital Admission		ICU Admission		Mechanical Ventilation
	Odds ratio^a, CI	p-value	Odds ratio^a, CI	p-value	Odds ratio^a, CI	p-value
Polysubstance use by number of substances
Opioids only	Reference		Reference		Reference
Opioids + 1 substance	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.6	1.02 (0.97–1.08)	0.33	1.42 (1.30–1.55)	< 0.001
Opioids + ≥ 2 substance	1.2 (1.14–1.25)	< 0.001	1.003 (0.95–1.05)	0.9	1.67 (1.52–1.84)	< 0.001
Polysubstance Use by type of substances
Opioids Only	Reference		Reference		Reference
Opioids and alcohol combination	0.92 (0.85–1.00)	0.06	0.92 (0.84–1.01)	0.09	1.18 (1.01–1.38)	0.03
Opioids and stimulants	0.89 (0.83–0.96)	0.002	1.08 (1.001–1.17)	0.04	1.49 (1.30–1.69)	< 0.001
Opioids and benzodiazepines	1.1 (1.06–1.24)	< 0.001	1.25 (1.15–1.35)	< 0.001	1.78 (1.56–2.03)	< 0.001
Opioids, stimulants and benzodiazepines	0.95 (0.84–1.06)	0.39	1.44 (1.27–1.63)	< 0.001	2.64 (2.21–3.15)	< 0.001
Opioids, alcohol and benzodiazepines	1.14 (0.98–1.33)	0.07	1.34 (1.14–1.57)	< 0.001	1.80 (1.4–2.28)	< 0.001

^aLogistic regression model was adjusted for age, sex, mechanism of injury, injury severity, Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and different comorbid conditions

ISSN: 2197-1714