Table 1 Characteristics of First-Ranked Loperamide Cases Reported to US Poison Centers by Age Group, National Poison Data System 2010–2022
From: Loperamide cases reported to United States poison centers, 2010–2022
Age groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | < 6 Years n (%)a | 6–19 Years n (%)a | 20–29 Years n (%)a | 30–39 Years n (%)a | > 39 Years n (%)a | Unknown n | Total n (%)a |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 3,018 (50.9) | 455 (43.3) | 758 (63.1) | 609 (57.9) | 1,088 (35.0) | 222 | 6,150 (47.5) |
Female | 2,910 (49.1) | 595 (56.7) | 444 (36.9) | 442 (42.1) | 2,020 (65.0) | 376 | 6,787 (52.5) |
Unknown | 11 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 30 | 50 |
Exposure type | |||||||
Single-substance | 5,447 (91.7) | 781 (74.3) | 917 (76.2) | 824 (78.2) | 2,706 (86.9) | 573 | 11,248 (86.6) |
Multiple-substance | 492 (8.3) | 270 (25.7) | 286 (23.8) | 230 (21.8) | 406 (13.1) | 55 | 1,739 (13.4) |
Highest level of health care received | |||||||
No HCF treatment received | 4,048 (71.2) | 485 (49.4) | 293 (27.1) | 286 (29.5) | 1,703 (60.2) | 453 | 7,268 (60.3) |
Treated/ evaluated and released | 1,307 (23.0) | 199 (20.3) | 244 (22.6) | 224 (23.1) | 447 (15.8) | 14 | 2,435 (20.2) |
Admitted to a HCF | 171 (3.0) | 264 (26.9) | 495 (45.7) | 420 (43.3) | 576 (20.4) | 8 | 1,934 (16.0) |
CCU | 50 (0.9) | 60 (6.1) | 299 (27.6) | 280 (28.8) | 288 (10.2) | 2 | 979 (8.1) |
Non-CCU | 121 (2.1) | 62 (6.3) | 110 (10.2) | 82 (8.4) | 230 (8.1) | 2 | 607 (5.0) |
Psychiatric facility | 0 (0.0) | 142 (14.5) | 86 (8.0) | 58 (6.0) | 58 (2.1) | 4 | 348 (2.9) |
Patient refused referral/did not arrive at a HCF | 156 (2.8) | 33 (3.4) | 50 (4.6) | 41 (4.2) | 104 (3.7) | 39 | 423 (3.5) |
Patient lost to follow-up/Left against medical advice/Unknown | 257 | 70 | 121 | 83 | 282 | 114 | 927 |
Medical outcome | |||||||
No effect | 2,957 (52.9) | 317 (32.5) | 145 (13.4) | 127 (13.2) | 517 (18.0) | 53 | 4,116 (34.4) |
Minor effect | 329 (5.9) | 199 (20.4) | 224 (20.7) | 151 (15.7) | 460 (16.0) | 37 | 1,400 (11.7) |
Serious medical outcomeb | 39 (0.7) | 115 (11.8) | 463 (42.7) | 436 (45.3) | 536 (18.6) | 14 | 1,603 (13.4) |
Moderate effect | 34 (0.6) | 95 (9.7) | 281 (25.9) | 265 (27.6) | 375 (13.0) | 14 | 1,064 (8.9) |
Major effect | 5 (0.1) | 17 (1.7) | 154 (14.2) | 152 (15.8) | 152 (5.3) | 0 | 480 (4.0) |
Death | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.3) | 28 (2.6) | 19 (2.0) | 9 (0.3) | 0 | 59 (0.5) |
Not followedc | 2,263 (40.5) | 344 (35.3) | 252 (23.3) | 248 (25.8) | 1,368 (47.5) | 382 | 4,857 (40.6) |
Unable to followd | 351 | 76 | 119 | 92 | 231 | 142 | 1,011 |
Reason for exposure | |||||||
Unintentional | 5,900 (99.4) | 478 (46.1) | 240 (20.3) | 246 (23.7) | 1,652 (54.1) | 339 | 8,855 (68.9) |
Unintentional-General | 5,577 (94.0) | 193 (18.6) | 56 (4.7) | 62 (6.0) | 351 (11.5) | 121 | 6,360 (49.5) |
Unintentional-Therapeutic error | 309 (5.2) | 240 (23.2) | 152 (12.9) | 147 (14.2) | 1,134 (37.1) | 187 | 2,169 (16.9) |
Unintentional – Misuse | 12 (0.2) | 40 (3.9) | 29 (2.5) | 34 (3.3) | 156 (5.1) | 30 | 301 (2.3) |
Unintentional – Othere | 2 (0.0) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 11 (0.4) | 1 | 25 (0.2) |
Intentional | 6 (0.1) | 497 (48.0) | 850 (72.0) | 724 (69.9) | 1,131 (37.0) | 152 | 3,360 (26.1) |
Suspected suicide | 0 (0.0) | 356 (34.4) | 261 (22.1) | 175 (16.9) | 288 (9.4) | 26 | 1,106 (8.6) |
Intentional – Misuse | 6 (0.1) | 53 (5.1) | 178 (15.1) | 186 (18.0) | 592 (19.4) | 77 | 1,092 (8.5) |
Abuse | 0 (0.0) | 62 (6.0) | 368 (31.2) | 325 (31.4) | 183 (6.0) | 34 | 972 (7.6) |
Intentional—Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 26 (2.5) | 43 (3.6) | 38 (3.7) | 68 (2.2) | 15 | 190 (1.5) |
Other | 27 (0.5) | 61 (5.9) | 91 (7.7) | 66 | 271 (6.4) | 124 | 640 (5.0) |
Unknown | 6 | 15 | 22 | 18 | 58 | 13 | 132 |
Total (row %) | 5,939 (48.1) | 1,051 (8.5) | 1,203 (9.7) | 1,054 (8.5) | 3,112 (25.2) | 628 | 12,987 (100.0) |