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Table 1 Demographic and PED injury-related visit characteristics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

From: A multicenter evaluation of pediatric emergency department injury visits during the COVID-19 pandemic

Characteristic

March–December 2019 (n = 341,242)

March–December 2020 (n = 247,841)

p value*

Age, No. (%), years

  

< 0.001

< 1

20,717 (6.1)

15,888 (6.4)

 

1–4

105,877 (31.0)

87,418 (35.3)

 

5–9

86,769 (25.4)

52,058 (25.0)

 

10–14

84,736 (24.8)

52,901 (21.3)

 

15–18

43,143 (12.6)

29,576 (11.9)

 

Sex, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

Male

194,171 (56.9)

138,592 (55.9)

 

Female

145,102 (42.5)

108,500 (43.8)

 

Unknown

1,969 (0.6)

749 (0.3)

 

Race, No. (%)a

  

< 0.001

White

169,694 (49.7)

133,135 (53.7)

 

Black

85,383 (25.0)

57,775 (23.3)

 

AI/AN

1,177 (0.4)

888 (0.4)

 

Asian

9,252 (2.7)

6,504 (2.6)

 

Multiple

8,641 (2.5)

7,027 (2.8)

 

Other

37,350 (11.0)

24,619 (9.9)

 

Unknown

29,745 (8.7)

17,893 (7.3)

 

Ethnicity, No. (%)a

  

< 0.001

Hispanic

74,271 (21.8)

50,385 (20.3)

 

Non-Hispanic

235,485 (69.0)

177,476 (71.6)

 

Unknown

31,486 (9.2)

19,980 (8.1)

 

Payor, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

Public

176,606 (51.7)

120,583 (48.7)

 

Private

108,976 (31.9)

86,028 (34.7)

 

Military

4,083 (1.2)

3,200 (1.3)

 

Self

13,142 (3.9)

9,920 (4.0)

 

Canadian

8,594 (2.5)

5,457 (2.2)

 

International

218 (0.1)

100 (0.0)

 

Other/unknown

29,623 (8.7)

22,553 (9.1)

 

Deprivation Index (0–1)

   

Median (IQR)

0.4 (0.3–0.4)

0.3 (0.3–0.4)

< 0.001

Triage ESI Code, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

1

3,635 (1.1)

3,434 (1.4)

 

2

53,545 (15.7)

44,365 (17.9)

 

3

122,556 (35.9)

92,142 (37.2)

 

4

140,686 (41.2)

95,281 (38.4)

 

5

14,340 (4.2)

8,177 (3.3)

 

Unknown

6,480 (1.9)

4,442 (1.8)

 

Trauma activation, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

Yes

23,562 (6.9)

20,706 (8.4)

 

No

238,841 (70.0)

173,335 (69.9)

 

Unknown

78,839 (23.1)

53,800 (21.7)

 

Time of day PED visit, No. (%)b

  

< 0.001

8:00–15:59

113,554 (35.0)

75,897 (32.5)

 

1600–23:59

169,740 (52.4)

125,644 (53.7)

 

00:00–07:59

40,820 (12.6)

32,323 (13.8)

 

Day of PED visit, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

Sunday

50,649 (14.8)

38,070 (15.4)

 

Monday

50,686 (14.9)

36,498 (14.7)

 

Tuesday

48,358 (14.2)

34,491 (13.9)

 

Wednesday

47,360 (13.9)

33,929 (13.7)

 

Thursday

46,933 (13.8)

34,047 (13.7)

 

Friday

47,987 (14.0)

33,757 (13.6)

 

Saturday

49,269 (14.4)

37,049 (15.0)

 

Weekday

24,1324 (70.7)

172,722 (69.7)

 

Weekend

99,918 (29.3)

75,119 (30.3)

 

PED length of stay, hours, median (IQR)c

3 (2–4)

2 (2–4)

0.691

Hospital length of stay, hours, median (IQR)c

36 (20–72)

36 (20–75)

0.006

Region, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

Northeast

95,208 (27.9)

71,879 (29.0)

 

Midwest

78,623 (23.1)

60,139 (24.3)

 

South

102,463 (30.0)

76,721 (31.0)

 

West

56,330 (16.5)

33,640 (13.5)

 

Canada

8618 (2.5)

5462 (2.2)

 
  1. AI/AN, American Indian/Alaskan Native; PED, Pediatric Emergency Department; ESI, emergency severity index
  2. *Where the p value is listed on the characteristic line, the p value is representative of a difference noted in the category
  3. aRace and ethnicity numbers may have some overlap as these are not all mutually exclusive
  4. bMissing data from one site (n = 557,978)
  5. cImprobable values for PED length of stay (> 48 h) and hospital length of stay (> 180 days) were excluded. This included n = 1892 in the PED length of stay and n = 83 in the hospital length of stay
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Injury Epidemiology

ISSN: 2197-1714