Fig. 2

Policy effects by race and ethnicity among studies without serious or critical methodological concerns. a Policy effects in rate ratio terms. b Policy effects in rate difference terms. Notes: IRR, incidence rate ratio. DVRO, domestic violence restraining order. IPH, intimate partner homicide. DVM, domestic violence misdemeanor. Misdem, Misdemeanor. SI, shall-issue. VM, violent misdemeanor. UBC, universal background check. Racial groups were defined differently across studies (see details in Table 1) and the distinction between white and nonwhite used in the legend is thus a crude characterization. Parenthetical numbers represent the study citation