Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Setting (analytic unit) | Model link function | Period | Racial or ethnic groups | Outcome | Policies evaluated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anderson et al. (2021) | USA (State) | Log-linear | 1985–2013 | Under age 18: White, Nonwhite | 1. Firearm murder | 1. Child access prevention law |
D’Alessio et al. (2022) | Multi-State (City) | Linear | 2002–2015 | Black, Nonblack | 1. Firearm crime (as proportion of all crime) | 1. Stand-your-ground |
Dalafave (2020) | USA (State) | Log-linear | 1990–2018 | White, Nonwhite | 1. Homicide 2. Firearm homicide 3. Non-firearm homicide 4. Suicide 5. Firearm suicide 6. Non-firearm suicide | 1. Extreme risk protection orders |
Degli Esposti et al. (2022) | USA (State) | Quasi-Poisson | 1999–2017 | White, Nonwhite | 1. Homicide 2. Firearm homicide | 1. Stand-your-ground |
Edwards et al. (2018) | USA (State) | Log-linear | 1990–2013 | White, Nonwhite | 1. Firearm suicide | 1. Waiting period |
Hepburn et al. (2004) | USA (State) | Negative binomial | 1979–1998 | Men, ages 35+: White | 1. Homicide | 1. Shall-issue law 2. Background check requirement 3. Waiting period |
Kaufman et al. (2020) | USA (State) | Poisson | 1999–2017 | Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White | 1. Firearm homicide | 1. Background check requirement |
Knopov et al. (2019) | USA (State) | Log-linear | 1991–2016 | White, Black | 1. Homicide | 1. Background check requirement 2. Concealed carry laws 3. Permit-to-purchase licensing 4. Stand-your-ground law 5. DV prohibitions and surrender |
Lott and Mustard (1997) | USA (County) | Log-linear | 1977–1992 | White, Black, Hispanic | 1. Murder | 1. Shall-issue law |
McClellan and Tekin (2017) | USA (State) | Poisson, Log-linear | 2000–2010 | White, Black | 1. Firearm homicide 2. Firearm assault injury 3. Justifiable homicide | 1. Stand-your-ground law |
Olson and Maltz (2001) | USA (County) | Log-linear | 1977–1992 | White, Nonwhite | 1. Murder 2. Firearm murder | 1. Shall-issue law |
Rubin and Dezhbakhsh (2003) | USA (County) | Linear | 1982–1992 | Black, Nonblack | 1. Violent crime | 1. Shall-issue law |
Pear et al. (2022) | California (County) | Synthetic control | 2005–2019 | Non-Hispanic White, Black or Hispanic | 1. Firearm assault injury 2. Intentional firearm self-injury | 1. Extreme risk protection orders |
Rochford et al. (2022) | Multi-State (State) | Negative binomial | 2013–2017 | Unmarried victims: White, Nonwhite | 1. IPH 2. Firearm IPH | 1. DV prohibitions |
Wallin et al. (2022) | USA (State) | Negative binomial | 1981–2013 | White, Black | 1. IPH 2. Firearm IPH | 1. DV prohibitions and surrender 2. Background check requirement 3. Permit-to-purchase licensing |