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Table 1 Type of feedback from Azūga™ in-vehicle technology and app, by time, source, and recipient

From: ProjectDRIVE: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to improve driving practices of high-risk teen drivers with a traffic violation

Type of feedback

Time of feedback

Source of feedback

Description

Recipient

1. Repeated beeps

Real time

In-vehicle device

Feedback is triggered by risky driving events when the vehicle movement exceeds a set threshold of gravitational force (g-force) (hard braking ≤ − 0.45 g-force; sudden acceleration > 0.35 g-force).

Teens in Groups 2&3

2. Push notification (message on the phone screen)

Real time when a trip ends

In-vehicle device and app

Feedback is provided via a push notification when (1) driving speed > 10 miles per hour over the posted speed limit, based on Google Maps™ Roads API and OpenStreetMap; and (2) the driver does not buckle their seatbelt for certain models and years. Teens can review at the end of each drive.

Teens in Groups 2&3

3. Cumulative driving data

Anytime

In-vehicle device and app

Data can be viewed retrospectively, including trip routes, location, and time of risky driving event(s) and unsafe behavior(s).

Teens in Groups 2&3,

Parents in Group 3

4. Bi-weekly driving summary report

Bi-weekly

Research team

Customized reports are generated and include 1) a summary of trips, risky driving events, and unsafe behaviors, including the teen’s score compared with all study participants; and 2) feedback on safe driving behavior(s) with suggestions to mitigate the unsafe behavior(s).

Teens in Groups 2&3,

Parents in Group 3